Glycerin |56-81-5
Zambiri Zakuthupi:
| Dzina lazogulitsa | Glycerin |
| Katundu | Madzi a viscous opanda mtundu, opanda fungo komanso kukoma kokoma |
| Malo osungunuka(°C) | 290 (101.3KPa);182 (266KPa) |
| Malo Owira (°C) | 20 |
| Kachulukidwe wachibale (20°C) | 1.2613 |
| Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi (mpweya=1) | 3.1 |
| Kutentha kwambiri (°C) | 576.85 |
| Critical pressure (MPa) | 7.5 |
| Refractive index (n20/D) | 1.474 |
| Viscosity (MPa20/D) | 6.38 |
| Malo amoto (°C) | 523(PT);429 (Galasi) |
| Pothirira (°C) | 177 |
| Kusungunuka | imatha kuyamwa hydrogen sulfide, hydrocyanic acid, sulfure dioxide.Zitha kukhala miscible ndi madzi, Mowa, 1 gawo la mankhwala akhoza kusungunuka mu 11 mbali ya ethyl acetate, pafupifupi 500 mbali ya ether, insoluble mu benzene, carbon disulfide, trichloromethane, carbon tetrachloride, petroleum ether, chloroform, mafuta.Mosavuta kutaya madzi m'thupi, kutaya madzi kupanga bis-glycerol ndi polyglycerol, etc.. Oxidation kupanga glycerol aldehyde ndi glycerol acid.Imakhazikika pa 0 ° C, kupanga makhiristo a rhombohedral okhala ndi glitter.Polymerization imachitika pa kutentha pafupifupi 150 ° C.Sizingaphatikizidwe ndi anhydrous acetic anhydride, potaziyamu permanganate, zidulo zolimba, zowononga, ma amines amafuta, isocyanates, oxidizing agents. |
Mafotokozedwe Akatundu:
Glycerin, yomwe imadziwika kuti glycerol mu miyezo ya dziko, ndi yopanda mtundu, yopanda fungo, yotsekemera-fungoorganic chinthu chooneka ngati mandala viscous madzi.Nthawi zambiri amadziwika kuti glycerol.Glycerol, imatha kuyamwa chinyezi kuchokera mumlengalenga, komanso kuyamwa hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen cyanide ndi sulfure dioxide.
Katundu ndi Kukhazikika:
1.Colorless, transparent, odorless, viscous fluid ndi kukoma kokoma ndi hygroscopicity.Zosakanikirana ndi madzi ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa, ma amine, phenols mulingo uliwonse, njira yamadzimadzi ndiyopanda ndale.Kusungunuka mu 11 nthawi ethyl acetate, pafupifupi 500 nthawi ether.Sasungunuke mu benzene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, carbon disulfide, petroleum ethers, mafuta, mowa wautali wautali wamafuta.Zoyaka, zimatha kuyambitsa kuyaka ndi kuphulika zikakumana ndi zinthu zamphamvu zotulutsa okosijeni monga chromium dioxide ndi potaziyamu chlorate.Ndiwosungunulira bwino mchere wambiri komanso mpweya.Zosawononga ku zitsulo, zimatha kukhala oxidised ku acrolein zikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zosungunulira.
2.Chemical properties: esterification reaction ndi acid, monga ndi benzene dicarboxylic acid esterification kupanga alkyd resin.Transesterification reaction ndi ester.Imasanganikirana ndi hydrogen chloride kupanga mowa wothirira.Kutaya madzi m'thupi kwa glycerol kuli ndi njira ziwiri: kuchepa kwa intermolecular kuti mupeze diglycerol ndi polyglycerol;intramolecular dehydration kuti mupeze acrolein.Glycerol imakhudzidwa ndi zoyambira kupanga zidakwa.Kuchita ndi aldehydes ndi ketoni kumapanga acetals ndi ketones.Makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuchepetsedwa nitric asidi umatulutsa glyceraldehyde ndi dihydroxyacetone;Oxidation ndi periodic acid imapanga formic acid ndi formaldehyde.Ndi oxidants amphamvu monga chromic anhydride, potaziyamu chlorate kapena potaziyamu permanganate kukhudzana, kungayambitse kuyaka kapena kuphulika.Glycerol imathanso kutenga gawo la nitrification ndi acetylation.
3.Zopanda poizoni.Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa kumwa kwa 100g wa dilute njira alibe vuto lililonse, mu thupi pambuyo hydrolysis ndi makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kukhala gwero la zakudya.Poyesera nyama, imakhala ndi mphamvu yofanana ya anesthesia ngati mowa pamene amamwa mowa wambiri.
4.Amakhala mu kuphika fodya, fodya wa nthiti zoyera, fodya wa spice, ndi utsi wa fodya.
5.Zimachitika mwachilengedwe mu fodya, mowa, vinyo, koko.
Ntchito Yogulitsa:
1. Makampani opanga utomoni: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga utomoni wa alkyd ndi epoxy resin.
2. Makampani opanga zokutira: amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakampani opaka kuti apange ma resin alkyd osiyanasiyana, ma resin a polyester, ether glycidyl ndi epoxy resins, etc.
3. Makampani opanga nsalu ndi kusindikiza ndi kudaya: amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta, choyezera chinyezi, mankhwala opangira makwinya-umboni wa shrinkage, wothandizira kufalitsa ndi wolowera.
Njira Zosungira Zinthu:
1. Sungani pamalo oyera ndi owuma, ayenera kulabadira zosungirako zosindikizidwa.Samalani ndi chinyezi, chosatetezedwa ndi madzi, chosatentha, choletsa kusakanikirana ndi ma oxidants amphamvu.Itha kusungidwa muzotengera za tin-plated kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
2. Amayikidwa mu ng'oma za aluminiyamu kapena ng'oma zachitsulo kapena zosungidwa m'matangi okhala ndi phenolic resin.Iyenera kutetezedwa ku chinyezi, kutentha ndi madzi panthawi yosungira ndi kuyendetsa.Ndikoletsedwa kuyika glycerol pamodzi ndi oxidizing amphamvu (monga nitric acid, potaziyamu permanganate, etc.).Iyenera kusungidwa ndi kunyamulidwa molingana ndi malamulo onse oyaka moto.
Zolemba Zosungira:
1.Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zoziziritsa komanso mpweya wabwino.
2. Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi gwero la kutentha.
3.Sungani chidebe chosindikizidwa.
4.Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi oxidizing agents, kuchepetsa othandizira, alkalis ndi mankhwala odyetsedwa, osasakaniza zosungirako.
5.Zokhala ndi mitundu yoyenera komanso kuchuluka kwa zida zozimitsa moto.
6.Malo osungira ayenera kukhala ndi zida zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zipangizo zoyenera zogona.
