Zatsopano za Glucono-delta-lactone
Colourkem adayambitsa Chakudya Chatsopano Chowonjezera: Glucono-delta-lactone pa 20. July, 2022. Glucono-delta-lactone ndi chidule cha lactone kapena GDL, ndipo mamolekyu ake ndi C6Hl0O6. Mayeso a Toxicological atsimikizira kuti ndi chinthu chodyedwa chosakhala ndi poizoni. White crystal kapena ufa woyera wa crystalline, pafupifupi wopanda fungo, poyamba wotsekemera ndiyeno wowawasa mu kukoma. zosungunuka m'madzi. Glucono-delta-lactone imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati coagulant, makamaka popanga tofu, komanso ngati protein coagulant pazakudya zamkaka.
Mfundo yofunika
Mfundo ya glucoronolide coagulation ya tofu ndi yakuti pamene lactone imasungunuka m'madzi kukhala gluconic acid, asidi amakhala ndi asidi coagulation pa mapuloteni mu mkaka wa soya. Chifukwa kuwola kwa lactone kumakhala kocheperako, kachitidwe ka coagulation ndi kofanana ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yayikulu, motero tofu yopangidwa ndi yoyera komanso yosakhwima, yabwino m'malo olekanitsa madzi, yosamva kuphika ndi kukazinga, yokoma komanso yapadera. Kuwonjezera ma coagulant ena monga: gypsum, brine, calcium chloride, umami zokometsera, ndi zina zotero, zimatha kupanga tofu zosiyanasiyana.
Gwiritsani ntchito
1. Tofu coagulant
Pogwiritsa ntchito glucono-delta-lactone monga puloteni coagulant kupanga tofu, mawonekedwe ake ndi oyera ndi ofewa, popanda kuwawa ndi kutsekemera kwa chikhalidwe cha brine kapena gypsum, palibe kutayika kwa mapuloteni, kutulutsa kwa tofu kwakukulu, komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
Poganizira kuti GDL ikagwiritsidwa ntchito yokha, tofu imakhala ndi kukoma kowawa pang'ono, ndipo kukoma kowawa sikoyenera kwa tofu, kotero GDL ndi CaSO4 kapena coagulants zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri popanga tofu. Malinga ndi malipoti, popanga tofu koyera (ie tofu yofewa), chiŵerengero cha GDL/CaSO4 chiyenera kukhala 1/3-2/3, kuchuluka kwake kuyenera kukhala 2.5% ya kulemera kwa nyemba zowuma, kutentha kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pa 4 °C, ndipo zokolola za tofu ziyenera kukhala zouma. 5 kuwirikiza kulemera kwa nyemba, komanso mtundu wake ndi wabwino. Komabe, pali zovuta zina zomwe muyenera kuzidziwa mukamagwiritsa ntchito GDL kupanga tofu. Mwachitsanzo, kulimba ndi kutafuna kwa tofu wopangidwa kuchokera ku GDL sizofanana ndi tofu yachikhalidwe. Kuonjezera apo, kuchuluka kwa madzi otsuka kumakhala kochepa, ndipo mapuloteni mu nyemba za nyemba amatayika kwambiri.
2. Wothandizira mkaka
GDL simangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati puloteni coagulant popanga tofu, komanso ngati protein coagulant yopanga mapuloteni amkaka a yogati ndi tchizi. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti gel osakaniza mphamvu mkaka wa ng'ombe opangidwa ndi acidification ndi GDL ndi 2 nthawi nayonso mphamvu mtundu nayonso mphamvu, pamene mphamvu ya mbuzi yogurt gel osakaniza opangidwa ndi acidification ndi GDL ndi 8-10 nthawi nayonso mphamvu mtundu. Iwo amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa osauka gel osakaniza mphamvu ya thovu yogurt kungakhale kusokoneza sitata zinthu (biomass ndi ma polysaccharides) pa gel osakaniza mogwirizana mapuloteni pa nayonso mphamvu. Kafukufuku wina wasonyezanso kuti gel osakaniza mkaka opangidwa ndi acidification wa zowonjezera 3% GDL pa 30 °C ali ndi dongosolo ofanana ndi gel osakaniza opangidwa ndi lactic acid mabakiteriya nayonso mphamvu. Zimanenedwanso kuti kuwonjezera 0.025% -1.5% GDL ku mkaka wa njati kungathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira za curd pH, ndipo zowonjezera zenizeni zimasiyanasiyana ndi mafuta a mkaka wa njati ndi kutentha kwa thickening.
3. Kuwongolera khalidwe
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa GDL mu nyama yankhumba ndi nkhumba yam'chitini kungapangitse zotsatira za kupaka utoto, potero kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa nitrite, komwe kuli poizoni kwambiri. Pazakudya zamzitini, kuchuluka kowonjezera panthawiyi ndi 0.3%. Zanenedwa kuti kuwonjezera kwa GDL pa 4 ° C kungapangitse kusungunuka kwa fibrillin, ndipo kuwonjezera kwa GDL kungapangitse kusungunuka kwa gel, kaya pamaso pa myosin ndi myosin kapena pamaso pa myosin yokha. mphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, kusakaniza GDL (0.01% -0.3%), ascorbic acid (15-70ppm) ndi sucrose mafuta acid ester (0.1% -1.0%) mu mtanda kungathandize kuti mkate ukhale wabwino. Kuonjezera GDL ku zakudya zokazinga kungapulumutse mafuta.
4. Zoteteza
Kafukufuku wa Saniea, marie-Helence et al. anasonyeza kuti GDL mwachionekere akhoza kuchedwa ndi kuletsa phage kupanga mabakiteriya lactic acid, motero kuonetsetsa kukula bwino ndi kuberekana kwa lactic acid mabakiteriya. Kuonjezera kuchuluka koyenera kwa GDL ku mkaka kumalepheretsa kusakhazikika kwa phage mu khalidwe la tchizi. Qvist, Sven et al. adaphunzira zosungirako za GDL mu soseji yayikulu yofiyira, ndipo adapeza kuti kuwonjezera 2% lactic acid ndi 0,25% GDL kumankhwala kumatha kuletsa kukula kwa Listeria. Ma soseji ofiira ofiira omwe amalowetsedwa ndi Listeria adasungidwa pa 10 ° C kwa masiku 35 popanda kukula kwa bakiteriya. Zitsanzo zopanda zotetezera kapena sodium lactate zokha zinasungidwa pa 10 ° C ndipo mabakiteriya amakula mofulumira. Komabe, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuti kuchuluka kwa GDL kukakhala kokwera kwambiri, anthu amatha kuzindikira fungo lomwe limayambitsa. Amanenanso kuti kugwiritsa ntchito GDL ndi sodium acetate mu chiŵerengero cha 0.7-1.5: 1 kungathe kutalikitsa moyo wa alumali ndi kutsitsimuka kwa mkate.
5. Ma Acidifiers
Monga acidulant, GDL ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku sherbet yokoma ndi odzola monga chotsitsa cha vanila ndi nthochi ya chokoleti. Ndi chinthu chachikulu acidic mu pawiri chotupitsa wothandizila, amene pang'onopang'ono kupanga mpweya woipa, thovu ndi yunifolomu ndi wosakhwima, ndipo akhoza kupanga makeke ndi oonetsera wapadera.
6. Chelating agents
GDL imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chelating agent mumakampani a mkaka ndi mowa kuti aletse kupanga lactite ndi tartar.
7. Mapuloteni flocculants
M'madzi owonongeka a mafakitale okhala ndi mapuloteni, kuwonjezera kwa flocculant yopangidwa ndi mchere wa calcium, mchere wa magnesium ndi GDL kungapangitse mapuloteni kukhala agglutinate ndi precipitate, omwe amatha kuchotsedwa ndi njira zakuthupi.
Kusamalitsa
Glucuronolactone ndi kristalo woyera wa powdery, womwe ukhoza kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali pansi pa nyengo youma, koma umawonongeka mosavuta kukhala asidi m'malo a chinyezi, makamaka mu njira yamadzi. Pa kutentha kwa firiji, lactone mu yankho amawonongeka pang'ono kukhala asidi mkati mwa mphindi 30, ndipo kutentha kumakhala pamwamba pa madigiri 65. Liwiro la hydrolysis imathandizira, ndipo lidzasinthidwa kukhala gluconic acid pamene kutentha kuli pamwamba pa madigiri 95. Choncho, lactone ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati coagulant, iyenera kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mkati mwa theka la ola. Osasunga njira yake yamadzimadzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-15-2022