Toleni | 108-88-3
Zambiri Zakuthupi:
| Dzina lazogulitsa | Toluene |
| Katundu | madzi owoneka bwino opanda mtundu okhala ndi fungo lonunkhira ngati benzene |
| Melting Point (°C) | -94.9 |
| Boiling Point (°C) | 110.6 |
| Kachulukidwe wachibale (Madzi=1) | 0.87 |
| Kuchuluka kwa nthunzi (mpweya=1) | 3.14 |
| Kuthamanga kwa nthunzi (kPa) | 3.8(25°C) |
| Kutentha kwamphamvu (kJ/mol) | -3910.3 |
| Kutentha kwambiri (°C) | 318.6 |
| Critical pressure (MPa) | 4.11 |
| Octanol/water partition coefficient | 2.73 |
| Pothirira (°C) | 4 |
| Kutentha koyatsira (°C) | 480 |
| Kuphulika kwapamwamba (%) | 7.1 |
| Zochepa zophulika (%) | 1.1 |
| Kusungunuka | Izosungunuka m'madzi, zosakanikirana ndi benzene, mowa, ether ndi zosungunulira zina zambiri. |
Katundu:
1.Oxidised kukhala benzoic acid ndi amphamvu oxidizing wothandizira monga potaziyamu permanganate, potaziyamu dichromate ndi asidi nitric. Benzoic acid imapezekanso ndi okosijeni ndi mpweya kapena mpweya pamaso pa chothandizira. Benzaldehyde imapezeka mwa okosijeni ndi manganese dioxide pamaso pa sulfuric acid pa 40 ° C kapena kuchepera. Kuchepetsa kachitidwe ka nickel kapena platinamu kumatulutsa methylcyclohexane. Toluene amakumana ndi ma halojeni kupanga o- ndi para-halogenated toluene pogwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu trichloride kapena ferric chloride monga chothandizira. Kutentha ndi kuwala, imakhudzidwa ndi ma halogens kupanga benzyl halide. Kuchita ndi nitric acid kumapanga o- ndi para-nitrotoluene. Ngati nitrified ndi osakaniza zidulo (sulphuric asidi + asidi nitric) 2,4-dinitrotoluene akhoza analandira; kupitiliza nitration kumapanga 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT). Sulfonation ya toluene yokhala ndi sulfuric acid kapena fuming sulfuric acid imapanga o- ndi para-methylbenzenesulphonic acid. Pansi pa chothandizira cha aluminiyamu trichloride kapena boron trifluoride, toluene imadutsa alkylation ndi ma halogenated hydrocarbons, olefins, ndi mowa kuti apereke chisakanizo cha alkili toluene. Toluene amakumana ndi formaldehyde ndi hydrochloric acid mu chloromethylation reaction kuti apange o- kapena para-methylbenzyl chloride.
2.Kukhazikika: Kukhazikika
3. Zinthu zoletsedwa:Strong okosijeni, zidulo, halogens
4. Polymerization ngozi:Non-polymerization
Ntchito Yogulitsa:
1.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati organic zosungunulira ndi zopangira mankhwala opangira, utoto, utomoni, utoto, zophulika ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.
2.Toluene ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zopangira zopangira benzene ndi mankhwala ena ambiri. Monga utoto, ma varnish, lacquers, zomatira ndi inki kupanga makampani ndi woonda ntchito popanga madzi, utomoni solvents; mankhwala ndi kupanga solvents. Komanso ndi zopangira kwa mankhwala synthesis. Itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chigawo chophatikiza mu petulo kuti muwonjezere octane, komanso ngati chosungunulira cha utoto, inki ndi nitrocellulose. Komanso, toluene ali kwambiri solubility wa zinthu organic, ndi zosungunulira organic ndi osiyanasiyana ntchito. Toluene ndi yosavuta chlorine, kupanga benzene & mdash; chloromethane kapena benzene trichloromethane, ndi zosungunulira zabwino pa makampani; ndizosavuta kupanga nitrate, kupanga p-nitrotoluene kapena o-nitrotoluene, ndizopangira zopangira utoto; ndizosavuta sulphonate, kupanga o-toluenesulphonic acid kapena p-toluenesulphonic acid, ndizopangira zopangira utoto kapena kupanga saccharine. Mpweya wa toluene umasakanikirana ndi mpweya kupanga zinthu zophulika, motero ukhoza kupanga zophulika za TST.
3.Leaching agent kwa zomera. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka ngati zosungunulira komanso ngati chowonjezera ku mafuta a octane.
4.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati reagent yowunikira, monga zosungunulira, kuchotsa ndi kupatukana, ma reagents a chromatographic. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati zoyeretsera, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto, zonunkhira, benzoic acid ndi ma organic synthesis.
5.Kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafuta a doped komanso ngati chinthu chachikulu chopangira toluene, zophulika, zopangira utoto, mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndi zina zotero.
Zolemba Zosungira:
1.Sungani m'nyumba yosungiramo zoziziritsa komanso mpweya wabwino.
2. Khalani kutali ndi moto ndi gwero la kutentha.
3.Kutentha kosungirako kusapitirire 37°C.
4.Sungani chidebe chosindikizidwa.
5.Iyenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi oxidizing agents, ndipo sayenera kusakanikirana.
6.Gwiritsani ntchito zounikira zosaphulika ndi mpweya wabwino.
7.Letsani kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamakina ndi zida zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupanga zopsereza.
8.Malo osungira ayenera kukhala ndi zida zowonongeka zowonongeka ndi zipangizo zoyenera zogona.
